Sheehan's syndrome is a condition that may occur in a woman who has a severe uterine hemorrhage during childbirth. The resulting severe blood loss causes tissue death in her pituitary gland and leads to hypopituitarism following the birth.
Alternative Names
Postpartum hypopituitarism; Postpartum pituitary insufficiency
Causes, incidence, and risk factors
If a woman's pituitary gland doesn't receive enough blood because she had a severe hemorrhage during childbirth, the gland will lose its ability to function properly. The pituitary gland, which is located at the base of the brain, is responsible for producing a variety of hormones that help regulate growth, reproduction, and metabolism. Sheehan's syndrome is very rare now because of good obstetrical care. Conditions that increase the risk of an obstetric hemorrhage include multiple pregnancies (twins or triplets) and abnormalities of the placenta.
Signs and tests
Blood tests are performed to measure hormone levels. A CT scan of the head may be recommended to rule out other abnormalities of the pituitary such as a tumor.
Treatment
The treatment for pituitary insufficiency is life-long hormone supplements, including estrogen and progesterone hormone replacement. Thyroid and adrenal hormones also must be taken.
Expectations (prognosis)
The outlook with early diagnosis and treatment is excellent.
Complications
This condition can be life-threatening if not treated because of the lack of thyroid and adrenal hormones, which allow the body to react to stress or infections.
Prevention
Obstetric hemorrhage may be preventable through careful obstetrical practices. Otherwise, Sheehan's syndrome is not predictable or preventable.